\documentclass{beamer}%  Every LaTeX2e file starts with a \documentclass line so that TeX knows how to treat it.
%  The beamer class makes PowerPoint-style slides.
%  Notice that any text that appears between a "%" and the end of a line is treated as a comment: the TeX system ignores it.
%  This part of the file is the preamble: it's the part where we load optional packages and do other setup-type stuff.

\usepackage{beamerthemesplit}%  This package formats the slides nicely.
\usepackage[greek, english]{babel}%  This package gives a Greek alphabet for text mode.  Greek letters are available in math mode even without this package.
\usepackage{marvosym}%  This loads several of the cool symbols, like \NoIroning.

%  Any string of letters preceded by "\" is a LaTeX command.  Everything else is plain text.

\newcommand{\comment}[1]{}% The "\comment" command tells LaTeX to ignore the next input, as in \comment{all this gets ignored}.

\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.3}%  This redefines the \arraystretch value (previously = 1) so as to put 30% more space between the rows of each array.

\begin{document}% This is where TeX starts creating our slides.
\title{Using \LaTeX: How and Why?}
\author{James A. Swenson}
% \subtitle{MATH 4810 -- Fall 2012}\date{20 September 2012} % I'm keeping track of when I've given this talk, right here in the slides.
\date{28 January 2014}

\begin{frame}%  A "frame" is a single slide in beamer.  This frame may be broken up into several "overlays."
  \titlepage%  This is the command that actually makes the title page; above, we were just entering the necessary data.
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Plan}
  \tableofcontents%  This command automatically lists the section titles, with hyperlinks.
\end{frame}

\section{What is the problem?}%  start of the first section

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Why not use the Microsoft Word Equation Editor?}

\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=1.75in]{miktex}\quad{\tiny (Image: Marko Pinteric)}% You need to have the file "miktex.jpg" in the same folder as this .tex file.
% \quad inserts a small blank space.  \tiny reduces the font size.  Notice the curly braces {} around the \tiny; they restrict its scope.
% Image source: http://www.pinteric.com/miktex.html  % I keep track of where I steal things from, using comments right in the file.  It's important to give credit!
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Maintenance issues}
\begin{quotation}
[W]ho do you think will be able to read your Word97 files in 10 years? The computer architecture on which your current Word binary runs will be obsolete, your today's computer will break down, and you will never be able to recover the information stored in your files.

Proprietary data formats DESTROY your information.
\end{quotation}
\hfill --- Sam Steingold\footnote{Steingold, Sam, ``No To Proprietary Data Formats,'' updated 07 July 2010, available online at {\texttt{[http://www.podval.org/\(\sim\)sds/data.html]}}.\\}
% \( \) begin and end `math mode.'
% \sim is a command - valid in math mode only - that makes a tilde.  [Typing ~ would make a non-breaking space, not a tilde.]
% The \\ at the end forces a line break, so the footnote won't clash with the navigation buttons.
% \texttt makes the monospaced font: maybe `tt' is for Typewriter Typeface?
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Social issues}
\begin{quotation}
We continue to live in a world where all our know-how is locked into binary files in an unknown format. If our documents are our corporate memory, Microsoft still has us all condemned to Alzheimer's.
\end{quotation}
\hfill --- Simon Phipps\footnote{Quoted by Orlowski, Andrew, ``Writing history with Microsoft's Office lock-in,'' \textit{The Register,} 25 April 2003, available online at {\tiny\texttt{[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/04/25/writing\_history\_with\_microsofts\_office/]}}.\\}
% In that URL, each underscore _ needs a backslash \ so LaTeX doesn't think you're trying to make a subscript.
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Immediate issues}
In a \textsc{wysiwyg} environment like Microsoft Word or PowerPoint:\footnote{See ``Word Processors: Stupid and Inefficient'' by Allin Cottrell: \texttt{[http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/\(\sim\)cottrell/wp.html]}.\\}
\begin{itemize}
\item<2-> Typing mathematical notation is frustrating and time-consuming.% <2-> makes this item appear starting with the 2nd overlay
\item<3-> You must divide your focus between content and layout.
\item<4-> In a large document, it is difficult to change initial typesetting decisions, and almost impossible to ensure consistency of style.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\section{What is \TeX?}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Portrait of the artist}
\begin{minipage}{0.6\textwidth}% start making a block of text; its width is 60% of the printable width of the frame.
\TeX\ % the last command on this line is "backslash-space," which is a blank space.  TeX would ignore ordinary blank space directly after a command, as in \TeX .
is a typesetting system created by Prof. Donald E. Knuth.

\begin{itemize}% Start a list of "bullet items."
  \item<2-> \TeX\ is free software.% Notice that this bullet is shown only on the 2nd and later "overlays" of this frame, because of the <2->.
  \item<3-> \TeX\ is platform-independent.
  \item<4-> \TeX\ is spelled {\greektext teq}, as in the Greek word {\greektext t'eqnh} ``art.''% This is where we're using the babel package.
  \item<5-> \TeX\ produces beautiful documents!
  \item<6-> The current, expanded edition is called \LaTeXe.
\end{itemize}
\end{minipage}
\hfill%  This inserts a horizontal space between our blocks -- it expands to fill the space available.
\begin{minipage}{0.35\textwidth}% This block goes next to the one we just made.
\begin{center}%  Start center-justifying everything in this minipage.
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Knuth}\\%    The width of the image is the full textwidth -- of this minipage!
{\scriptsize\textit{Donald Knuth (1938 -- )}}\\%  \scriptsize is one step larger than \tiny.
\hbox{\tiny (image: \lower1pt\hbox{\includegraphics[height=\baselineskip]{CC80x15}}\ Jacob Appelbaum)}% \tiny is even smaller than \scriptsize.
%source URL = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg
\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]% This frame has to be created with the "fragile" option.  If you don't, the verbatim environment inside breaks.
\frametitle{Markup langugage}
A \LaTeX\ document is not \textsc{wysiwyg}; % sc is for Small Caps.
you type a plain-text file, and then feed it to the \TeX\ system to get a PDF document.

For example, to produce:
\[\boxed{I(\lambda)=\iint_D g(x,y)e^{i\lambda h(x,y)}\,dx\,dy}\]%  The \[ \] make a displayed equation: centered on its own line with space around it.
one types:
{\scriptsize
\begin{verbatim}
\[\boxed{I(\lambda)=\iint_D g(x,y)e^{i\lambda h(x,y)}\,dx\,dy}\]
\end{verbatim}} % The verbatim environment keeps its input from being interpreted as LaTeX commands.
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]% This frame has to be created with the "fragile" option.  If you don't, the verbatim environment inside breaks.
\frametitle{Markup langugage}
\bigskip
This presentation was designed using \texttt{beamer}, an optional
\TeX{} package. %  I used an empty block {} here, because "\TeX\ " was forcing a blank space at the end of a line, and messing up the right-justification!
The \TeX\ file that produced these slides is on my website:

\qquad{\scriptsize\texttt{http://www.uwplatt.edu/\(\sim\)swensonj/latex/}}

\vskip0pt plus 1filll% This vertical space expands aggressively to fill the available space.  The result is that the text is pushed up to the top of the page.
%       Otherwise, the text will `jump' when the second paragraph is added, because of beamer's automatic vertical centering.
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]% This is the same frame as above, with a new paragraph.  You usually do this with \uncover, but that doesn't play nicely with \verbatim.
\frametitle{Markup langugage}
\bigskip
This presentation was designed using \texttt{beamer}, an optional
\TeX{} package.
The \TeX\ file that produced these slides is on my website:

\qquad{\scriptsize\texttt{http://www.uwplatt.edu/$\sim$swensonj/latex/}}

\medskip
Here is what I typed to make \LaTeX\ format these slides with the blue title bar and the highlighted section list at the top, and my name and title at the bottom:

\qquad{\scriptsize
\verb=\usepackage{beamerthemesplit}=% \verb makes a mini verbatim environment; the ='s are delimiters.
}
%}
\vskip0pt plus 1filll
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]\frametitle{Another example}
The equation
\(%  Remember, \( begins math mode.
  \frac{\partial(x,y)}{\partial(u,v)}=%  \frac makes an equation: the first thing that appears after \frac is the numerator, & the second is the denominator.
  \left|% \left and \right apply to delimiters like (), {}, [], ||, etc.  The delimiters are stretched to be at least as tall as the material between them.
  \begin{array}{cc}%  The {cc} means that the first column will be Center-justified, and so will the second.
    \frac{\partial x}{\partial u} & \frac{\partial x}{\partial v}\\%  The & is a column break; the \\ is a line break.
    \frac{\partial y}{\partial u} & \frac{\partial y}{\partial v}\\
  \end{array}
  \right|
\)
was produced by typing:
{\scriptsize\begin{verbatim}
\(
  \frac{\partial(x,y)}{\partial(u,v)}=
  \left|
  \begin{array}{cc}
    \frac{\partial x}{\partial u} & \frac{\partial x}{\partial v}\\
    \frac{\partial y}{\partial u} & \frac{\partial y}{\partial v}\\
  \end{array}
  \right|
\)
\end{verbatim}}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]\frametitle{Other \LaTeX\ commands}
You can make a whole variety of lovely symbols easily in \LaTeX:
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{0.40\textwidth}
\begin{tabular}{|p{3cm}|c|}%  tabular is like array, but for use in text mode. p{3cm} is for a paragraph 3 centimeters wide: longer texts would be wrapped.
\hline
\verb=\in= & \(\in\)\\
\hline
\verb=\infty= & \(\infty\)\\
\hline
\verb=\pi= & \(\pi\)\\
\hline
\verb=\forall= & \(\forall\)\\
\hline
\verb=\mathbb{Z}= & \(\mathbb{Z}\)\\
\hline
\verb=\NoIroning= & \NoIroning\\
\hline
\verb=\Capricorn= & \Capricorn\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{0.40\textwidth}
\begin{tabular}{|p{3cm}|c|}
\hline
\verb=\ge= & \(\ge\)\\
\hline
\verb=\not\subseteq= & \(\not\subseteq\)\\
\hline
\verb=\xi= & \(\xi\)\\
\hline
\verb=\otimes= & \(\otimes\)\\
\hline
\verb=\aleph_0= & \(\aleph_0\)\\
\hline
\verb=\Coffeecup= & \Coffeecup\\
\hline
\verb=\Smiley= & \Smiley\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
You can find the 150-page ``Comprehensive \LaTeX\ Symbol List'' at: \fbox{\texttt{\scriptsize www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf}}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Completing assignments in \LaTeX}
So your teacher wants you to write up homework in \LaTeX\dots.  Get started by stealing my template: \\ \hfill\boxed{\scriptsize\texttt{http://www.uwplatt.edu/$\sim$swensonj/latex/HomeworkSolution.tex}}\hfill\rule{0pt}{0pt}

\begin{tabular}{cl}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{HomeworkSolutionImage} & \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{HomeworkSolutionSource}
\end{tabular}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{What your homework will look like}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2.75in]{HomeworkSolutionImage}
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{What you will type}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2.75in]{HomeworkSolutionSource}
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Presentations in \LaTeX}
So you're planning to give a senior seminar presentation\dots.

Get started by stealing the template for the slides I'm using right now!  It's all on the website:

\begin{center}
\boxed{\scriptsize\texttt{http://www.uwplatt.edu/$\sim$swensonj/latex/}}
\end{center}

\end{frame}

\section{Installing and learning \TeX}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{How do I get \TeX?}%\small% all the text in this frame will be \small, which is one step bigger than \scriptsize.

I just installed \LaTeX\ on a new machine running Windows 7, and wrote full instructions for the process.  They're posted on the website:

\begin{center}
\boxed{\scriptsize\texttt{http://www.uwplatt.edu/$\sim$swensonj/latex/}}
\end{center}

\comment{\begin{enumerate} % At first I wrote this out in detail; then I changed my mind.  I used \comment rather than deleting it, in case I change my mind again.
\item One needs the \LaTeX\ system itself.  You can get this for free from
\texttt{\scriptsize [http://www.miktex.org/2.9/setup]}.
This is a two-step process.  First, you download a small download manager.  When you run this, it downloads and installs the \LaTeX\ system.  This takes a long time on a fast Internet connection.
\item<2->Next, you need to install the free programs\\Ghostscript \texttt{\scriptsize [http://www.ghostscript.com/download/]} and\\ GSview \texttt{\scriptsize [http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/\(\sim\)ghost/gsview/index.htm]}.
\item<3->You need a text editor, too.  In Windows, you can use Wordpad, but you will want WinEdt \texttt{\scriptsize [http://www.winedt.com/download.html]} instead. WinEdt is designed especially to work seamlessly with \LaTeX.  A 31-day trial of WinEdt is free.  After that, you need to pay for it:  a student license costs~\$30.
\end{enumerate}}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Have fun using \TeX!}
Steal what you need from the source file of this presentation!  If you need to know how to type something in \LaTeX, you can certainly find out with Google.  You could also ask me for advice!

\begin{center}
\fbox{\includegraphics[height=1.75in]{ConservativeVF}}
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}\frametitle{Two bears with chainsaw nunchucks}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{Bear}&\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{Bear2}\\
{\tiny(Image: faustus fusilli)}&{\tiny(Image: badassimus prime)}
% Image source: http://forums.kingdomofloathing.com/vb/showthread.php?t=184101
\end{tabular}
\end{frame}
\end{document}% This is where \TeX stops reading

% I keep this bit down below the \end{document} to copy and paste....
\begin{frame}\frametitle{}

\end{frame}